Based on the ruling in Shaw v. Reno (1993), which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?
1) A state legislature draws a congressional district map that concentrates African American voters in one district to ensure their representation.
2) A state legislature draws a congressional district map that evenly distributes voters of all races across multiple districts.
3) A state legislature draws a congressional district map that favors one political party over another.
4) A state legislature draws a congressional district map that is based solely on geographical boundaries.