The correct answer is A. Lincoln uses pathos to appeal to the audience and encourage support for the soldiers and those they left behind.
Pathos is a communication technique used most often in rhetoric, considered to be one of the three modes of persuasion along with ethos and logos. Pathos appeals to the emotions of the audience, eliciting feelings that already reside in them.
In that particular speech, Lincoln addresses the issues of the Civil War and slavery in particular.
