A vaccine puts into the body weakened/dead pathogenic material, which by itself is incapable of causing disease. How does this help to protect the body in the case of infection by a live pathogen?
C) A vaccine causes the secretion of antigens which remain in blood and fight the pathogen at the time of an infection.
When the body is given weakened/dead pathogenic material this helps build up an immune system towards the actual live infection. It prepares the body for the infection so that the person does not get sick.