When blood glucose is low, the pancreas releases glucagon, a peptide hormone which stimulates the liver to produce and excrete glucose. Binding of the hormone to its receptor triggers a "second messenger" cascade pathway that results in a change in the concentration or activity of many enzymes and signaling intermediates. The activity of some pathway enzymes is altered, as is the direction of net flow through some pathways. How does glucagon stimulation affect the concentration or activity of the given signaling intermediates and enzymes?