The breakup of the Mongol Empire into separate khanates during the mid-thirteenth century
was most connected to which of the following developments?
O Mongol traditions emphasized tribal and personal loyalties and made it difficult to establish long-
lasting centralized dynastic rule, which led to civil war.
The attempts of Mongol rulers to force their subjects to convert to Islam led to widespread rebellions
in Central and East Asia.
Rebellions in China overthrew Mongol rule there and led to the reestablishment of Han Chinese rule
under the Ming dynasty.
The spread of the bubonic plague following the expansion of trade along the Silk Roads weakened
the Mongol Empire demographically and militarily