The placenta replaces the membranes and nutrition source of amniotic eggs in organisms that exhibit live birth without amniotic eggs.
Amniotic membranes shield the eggs from damage. The creation of these membranes has given another the unique aquatic environment they require for development. Amniotic eggs exhibit the characteristic development of the amniotic membrane. These membranes include the chorion, which aids in the exchange of gases between the mother and the embryo, the amnion, which shields the embryo from harm and shock and also helps with hydration, and the allantois, which facilitates the excretion of nitrogenous wastes like urea and uric acid, among others, and also aids in respiration. Because lipids are present, watertight skin is another trait. Another is the presence of costal rib ventilation, which permits CO2 loss through the lungs as opposed to buccal pumping as found in naive animals.
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