People readily adhere to the social roles they are expected to perform, especially when those roles are as highly stereotyped as those of prison guards, as the Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated.
The guards started acting in ways they wouldn't typically act in their everyday lives since they were given positions of responsibility. The surroundings of the "jail" played a significant role in the brutality of the guards (none of the participants who acted as guards showed sadistic tendencies before the study). As a result, rather than supporting the dispositional explanation of behaviour, the findings support the situational one. The behaviour of the participants, notably the guards, may be explained by deindividuation.
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